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Weekly / March 25, 2022 / 71(12);466473. The efficacy of COVID 19 vaccines for reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 infection is demonstrated in real life. And in a second large study during the Omicron period, older people, men, and residents of nursing homes or in low-income areas were most at risk for post-booster COVID-19 death in England, but the risk was very low. It is critical that nursing home residents stay up to date with CO VID-19 vaccines and receive a bivalent booster dose to maximize protection against COVID-19. Classification of omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern. These results suggest that in addition to providing protection against testing positive, vaccination during pregnancy also provides protection against hospitalization (severe disease) in infants during their first 6 months of life as previously reported recently18,19. As with previous variants, being vaccinated greatly protects you from severe disease with omicron. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. NMF, SB, SFunk, ACG, DDA, and AMP acquired funding. To obtain The development of a standardized neighborhood deprivation index. 387, 109119 (2022). J. Med. Hospitalization rates among non-Hispanic Black adults increased more than rates in other racial/ethnic groups. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England: technical briefing 35. In supplemental analyses by trimester of vaccination, receipt of the second dose during the second and third trimesters reduced the risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during the Delta dominant period by 91% (95% CI: 63, 98) and 85% (95% CI: 50, 96), respectively, during the first 2 months of life, by 59% (95% CI: 21, 79) and 67% (95% CI: 37, 83) during the first 4 months of life and by 64% (95% CI:31, 81) and 53% (95% CI: 24, 71) during the first 6 months of life. JAMA Netw. The stats are for COVID-associated hospitalizations, which may include people for whom COVID-19 was not the primary reason for admission. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations, through building vaccine confidence, raising awareness of the benefits of vaccination, and removing barriers to vaccination access among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates from COVID-19, including Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. Office of the Vice President for Research. part 46, 21 C.F.R. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1 B., Lewis. Secondarily, we used a Test-Negative Design (TND), which is a case-control study, to compare the odds of vaccination among mothers of infants who tested positive vs. the odds of vaccination among mothers of infants who tested negative. Most QCovid risk groups were tied to an increased risk of post-booster death, except congenital heart disease, asthma, and previous fracture. Protection during both periods decreased as infants aged from 2 months to 6 months. 383, 26032615 (2020). NHS Test and Trace statistics (England): methodology. Morb. Gretchen Rothrock, California Emerging Infections Program; Millen Tsegaye, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; Julie Plano, Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health; Kyle Openo, Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University; Andy Weigel, Iowa Department of Health; Chloe Brown, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; Erica Bye, Minnesota Department of Health; Wickliffe Omondi, New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico; Alison Muse, New York State Department of Health; Christina Felsen, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Eli Shiltz, Ohio Department of Health; Nasreen Abdullah, Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; William Schaffner, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Melanie Crossland, Salt Lake County Health Department. Most mothers (1032 of 1138) who received only one dose received the vaccine during the third trimester. Among nonpregnant and pregnant adults aged 18 years, hospitalization rates were calculated overall, and by race/ethnicity and COVID-19 vaccination status. part 56; 42 U.S.C. Rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among those who had received a booster or additional dose. Over the entire study period, the crude rate of hospitalization with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test was lower during the first 6 months of life among infants whose mothers received at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy compared with infants whose mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy (21/100,000 PY vs. 100/100,000 PY). Adults with no documented receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine dose before the test date were considered unvaccinated. Article Risk was especially high for people with severe combined immunodeficiency (HR, 6.2). Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. The exposure of interest was mRNA COVID-19 vaccination status during pregnancy in the electronic health record. Estimated effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against omicron or delta symptomatic infection and severe outcomes. During the Omicron period, among children whose mothers received 1 dose before pregnancy and 1 dose during pregnancy, VE against infection was 46% (95% CI: 23, 77) during the first 2 months of life, 16% (95% CI: 28, 50) during the first 4 months of life and 3% (95% CI: 32, 36) during the first 6 months of life compared with children whose mothers were unvaccinated (Supplemental Table4). 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All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. Although hospitalization rates increased for all adults, rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among adults who had received a primary series and a booster or additional dose. However, vaccination during pregnancy was less effective at protecting infants against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period. "The subpopulations with the highest risk should be considered a priority for COVID-19 therapeutics and further booster doses.". Foo, D., Sarna, M., Pereira, G., Moore, H. C. & Regan, A. K. Longitudinal, population-based cohort study of prenatal influenza vaccination and influenza infection in childhood. Author's reply, Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (ZyCoV-D): the interim efficacy results of a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in India, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MRC Biostatistics Unit COVID-19 Working Group, Cases, hospital admissions, and hospital attendances in those with delta and omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants, between Nov 29, 2021, and Jan 9, 2022, Risk of hospitalisation and mortality for COVID-19 cases with omicron compared with delta, overall and by age group, Estimated HRs for vaccination categories, secondary analysis. Kim, L. et al. Trends in disease severity and health care utilization during the early Omicron variant period compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 high transmission periodsUnited States, December 2020January 2022. JAMA 327, 10871089 (2022). of pages found at these sites. Finally, we conducted additional supplemental analyses to estimate VE among children whose mothers received at least one vaccine dose prior to pregnancy onset and at least one dose during pregnancy. JAMA 326, 16291631 (2021). But the charts are in line with data from the UK Health Safety Agency, which found that protection from a third dose of Pfizer or Moderna vaccine against hospitalization with Omicron was about 89%, waning slightly to 83% at 10 weeks, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. Rates are calculated using the CDC National Center for Health Statistics vintage 2020 bridged-race postcensal population estimates for the counties included in surveillance. Age was the most important risk factor for COVID-19 death (eg, HR, 31.3 for an 80-year-old vs a 50-year-old). Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Morb. Overall, 63% of Americans are fully vaccinated. Sect. Omicron up to 70% less likely to need hospital care - BBC News Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, a significantly shorter median length of hospital stay was observed during the Omicron-predominant period and smaller proportions of hospitalizations with intensive care unit admission, receipt of invasive mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. The group raised concerns about a small number of Guillain-Barre syndrome cases in vaccine recipients and wanted more data, especially on efficacy in those at highest risk. Hobbs, C. V. et al. Weekly rates among unvaccinated adults and adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with a booster or additional dose peaked at 149.8 (January 8, 2022) and 11.7 (January 22, 2022), respectively. Wkly. Omicron symptoms: Here's what to expect and what we know about the During the study period, home testing became more prevalent. 139, e20164091 (2017). Google Scholar. We observed that infants protection through vaccination during pregnancy decreased as they aged from 2 months to 6 months. Data from the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to compare COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults aged 18 years during B.1.617.2 (Delta; July 1December 18, 2021) and Omicron (December 19, 2021January 31, 2022) variant predominance, overall and by race/ethnicity and vaccination status. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2130479. On March 18, 2022, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release. KPNC members are similar to the broad catchment population in Northern California in terms of sociodemographic characteristics34. Article Slider with three articles shown per slide. But those countries have high vaccination rates, and there, too, Omicron has spread most quickly among younger adults. We calculated vaccine effectiveness (VE) as 100% multiplied by 1HR. Adults who completed a primary vaccination series were persons who had received the second dose of a 2-dose COVID-19 vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose product 14 days before a positive SARS-CoV-2 test associated with their hospitalization but received no booster or additional dose. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection against SARS-CoV-2 during the first six months of life. But the average . A continuity correction has been applied to the denominators by capping the percent population vaccination coverage at 95% by assuming that at least 5% of each age group would always be unvaccinated in each jurisdiction. Two to 4 weeks after a booster dose, vaccine effectiveness ranged from around 65-75%, dropped to 55-70% at 5 to 9 weeks, and 40-50% from 10 weeks or more after a booster dose. Google Scholar. and statistical significance was assessed at two-sided p0.05. Introduction: A rapid increase in COVID-19 cases due to the spread of the Delta and Omicron variants in vaccinated populations has raised concerns about the hospitalization risk associated with, and the effectiveness of, COVID-19 vaccines. https://doi.org . N. Engl. New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that hospitalization rates were much lower among those who were vaccinated even as Omicron was sweeping the nation. Infections are rare and can be severe or fatal, but so far scientists don't see genetic changes that pose an increased threat to people. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of cases in non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders also increased, whereas the proportion in all other racial and ethnic groups decreased. Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, USA, Ousseny Zerbo,G. Thomas Ray,Bruce Fireman,Evan Layefsky,Kristin Goddard,Edwin Lewis,Pat Ross&Nicola P. Klein, Yale University, Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA, Regional Perinatal Service Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Santa Clara, CA, USA, You can also search for this author in This is consistent with data showing the incidence of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results or death from COVID-19 is higher among unvaccinated adults and adults who have not received a booster than among those who have received a booster or additional dose (5). Omicron Is Not More Severe for Children, Despite Rising Second, vaccination status is subject to misclassification; this might affect estimation of rates by vaccination status. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. J. Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles are deeply flawed. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer, Office of the Vice President for Research | Contact U of M | Privacy Policy, Mary Van Beusekom | News Writer | CIDRAP News, Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in preventing COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among nonimmunocompromised children and adolescents aged 5-17 yearsVISION Network, 10 states, April 2021-January 2022. Statistical codes are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author. TN and NMF validated the data. 384, 403416 (2021). BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in a nationwide mass vaccination setting. Defined as one or more of the following: chronic lung disease including asthma, chronic metabolic disease including diabetes mellitus, blood disorder/hemoglobinopathy, cardiovascular disease, neurologic disorder, immunocompromising condition, renal disease, gastrointestinal/liver disease, rheumatologic/autoimmune/inflammatory condition, obesity, feeding tube dependency, and wheelchair dependency. Dr. Klein reported receiving grants from Pfizer, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, and Sanofi Pasteur. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Other studies found similarly decreased proportions of severe outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during this period (6).. During Omicron predominance, shortly after the Food and Drug Administration authorized COVID-19 vaccination for this age group, population-based hospitalization rates among unvaccinated children were twice as high as were those among vaccinated children. This was the highest age-adjusted weekly rate observed among any racial and ethnic group during the pandemic. JAMA Intern. MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Protection during both periods decreased as infants aged. Maternal vaccination and risk of hospitalization for Covid-19 among infants. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:14652. Persons who received no doses of any COVID-19 vaccine were considered unvaccinated. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted in Israel's second-largest . Preliminary findings of mRNA Covid-19 vaccine safety in pregnant persons. 61) indicates a lower risk of hospitalisation with omicron versus delta, averaging over all age groups and vaccination strata. MB), Help with Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/AAP%20and%20CHA%20-%20Children%20and%20COVID-19%20State%20Data%20Report%209.29.22%20FINAL.pdf?_ga=2.255000394.335550773.1665001859-370326403.1636740765 (2022). Article Vaccinated patients were older (68 vs. 57 years), and 62% had at least one comorbidity Admission to the ICU was 20%, and the mortality rate at 30 days was 14%. The outcomes were the infants first positive nasal/throat swab for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR, and the first COVID-19-related hospitalization, occurring during the first 6 months of life and recorded in the electronic health record. as well as other partner offers and accept our. 2022 The Authors. TN, NMF, WH, and SA wrote the software. Carlsen, E. O. et al. Like influenza and Tdap vaccines15,16, data suggest that vaccination during pregnancy may protect infants who are not old enough to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Spontaneous abortion following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. We conducted secondary sensitivity analyses restricting the population to infants who received at least one SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Vaccinations were limited only to those received during pregnancy. Requests for access to the underlying source data should be directed to UKHSA. Sarah J. Fully-vaccinated in this chart meant one dose of the J&J vaccine or two doses of Pfizer or Moderna. Black adults accounted for a higher percentage of hospitalizations during the Omicron-predominant period (26.7%) than during the Delta-predominant period (22.2%, p = 0.05). Surveillance officers abstracted data on sampled patients from medical charts. Morb. COVID-19 vaccine surveillance report: week 6. GD declares that his employer UK Health Security Agency (previously operating as Public Health England) received funding from GlaxoSmithKline for a research project related to influenza antiviral treatment. Dis. Table 2. Finally, the COVID-NET catchment areas include approximately 10% of the U.S. population; thus, these findings might not be nationally generalizable. Although the study was unable to directly estimate VE against hospitalization due to the small number of hospitalized cases, it found that over the entire study period, the incidence rate of hospitalization during the first 6 months of life was much lower among the infants whose mothers were vaccinated during pregnancy compared with those whose mothers were not vaccinated. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States was 10.5 times higher in unvaccinated adults and 2.5 times higher in those who were vaccinated but received no booster than in booster recipients, according to a new study. Rep. 7, 255263 (2022). Data requests may be sent to Kaiser Permanente Division of Research: DOR.IRB.Submissions@kp.org. Vaccination status is not available for Iowa and cases from Iowa are excluded from analyses that examined vaccination status. COVID-19; IL-6 . Pediatrics. Hospitalizations of Children Aged 5-11 Years with Laboratory Experts say they. N. Engl. Although both approaches adjusted for the same confounding factors, the effectiveness estimates from the TND were higher than those from the cohort design, which is consistent with our previous analyses of influenza vaccine effectiveness in which we also observed that the TND tended to result in higher vaccine effectiveness estimates than did our cohort analyses30. Hospitalization rates and characteristics of children aged <18 years hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-July 25, 2020. PLoS ONE 15, e0229279 (2020). Among 829 adults hospitalized during the Omicron-predominant period, 49.4% were unvaccinated, compared with 69.5% during the Delta-predominant period (p<0.01). Mortal. Between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022, we identified 62,117 infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated healthcare delivery organization. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. Shimabukuro, T. T. et al. New federal data shows adults who received the updated shots cut their risk of being hospitalized with . Members receive almost all their medical care at KPNC-owned facilities, including clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, and laboratories. **** ICU admission and IMV are not mutually exclusive categories, and patients could have received both. Additional limitations include the inability to estimate the effectiveness of vaccines received prior to pregnancy onset. Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to Initial hospital data from England and Denmark also suggest Omicron cases are less severe. TN, NMF, SB, EV, SRS, DDA, and AMP developed the methodology. . 41, e81e86 (2022). Omicron data in UK is 'enormously worrying,' immunologist says "In the last two weeks, no fewer than 80% of admissions were below the age of 50 years. 1.04-1.49) after adjusting for age, sex, and vaccine characteristics. Google Scholar. Children currently account for about 18.5% of reported COVID-19 cases in the United States1. Stay up to date with what you want to know. Garg S, Patel K, Pham H, et al. The U.K. Health. All rights Reserved. Shook, L. L. et al. COVID-19Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance, by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021January 2022. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children. If SARS-CoV-2 test date was missing, hospitalization admission date was used. O.Z., N.P.K., and B.F. conceived and designed the study. Adults with a positive result whose SARS-CoV-2 test date was 14 days after the first dose of a 2-dose series but <14 days after receipt of the second dose were considered partially vaccinated. Zerbo, O. et al. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Racial and ethnic disparities in rates of COVID-19associated hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital death in the United States from March 2020 to February 2021. The data cannot be shared publicly because the data contain potentially identifying or sensitive patient information and is legally restricted by Kaiser Permanente Northern California. CDC graphs show in detail the protection vaccines gave from hospitalization. *** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI = 2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. Egyptian hemodialysis patients' willingness to receive the COVID-19 N. Engl. The study was conducted among a cohort of infants born between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022. BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against omicron in children 5 to 11 years of age. The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia, The Lancet Regional Health Western Pacific, 36-fold higher estimate of deaths attributable to red meat intake in GBD 2019: is this reliable? In the Omicron variant period, the effectiveness of maternal vaccination in these three age intervals was 21% (CI: 21,48), 14% (CI: 9,32) and 13% (CI: 3,26), respectively. We observed a similar pattern in vaccine effectiveness by trimester during the Omicron dominant period, however, estimates of vaccine effectiveness by trimester were imprecise and much lower than during the Delta period (Table3). Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Despite several studies showing that vaccination during pregnancy is safe for pregnant people24,25,26,27,28, vaccine uptake has been suboptimal in this group29. Schrag, S. J. et al. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 552a; 44 U.S.C. They, as well as vaccinated people who are immunocompromised and at higher risk of severe COVID-19, are still vulnerable to being infected by a vaccinated person. The proportion of hospitalized Black adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with or without a booster or additional dose increased from 4.7% and 14.9%, respectively, during the Delta-predominant period to 14.8% and 25.5%, respectively, during the Omicron-predominant period; Hispanic adults experienced smaller increases. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during Omicron than during Delta. We also conducted analyses based on the trimester during which the vaccine was received during pregnancy (first, second, or third trimester). Evaluation of the relative virulence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. adjudicated chart reviews. Health and Human Services. Polack, F. P. et al. Vaccination status is based on state immunization information system data. Additional recommendations followed and data availability on booster-dose status varies by age because not all age groups were recommended by ACIP to receive booster doses at the same time. Laurie M. Billing and Kenzie Teno report grants from the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists during the conduct of the study. J. Obstet. Omicron is super infectious, and about 20% of people in the United States over the age of 5 as well as all children under 5 remain unvaccinated. The study did not adjust for maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy due to the inability of capturing home testing results. Among the infants in the cohort, 19,418 (64.06%) of the mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy, 1138 (3.75%) of the mothers received one dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and 9755 (32.18%) received 2 doses during pregnancy (Table1). From this cohort, the study excluded the following infants born to (1) mothers who were not between ages 16 and 50 years at pregnancy onset; (2) mothers who did not have a primary KPNC facility assignment; (3) mothers who were not continuous KPNC members from December 15, 2020 until delivery; (4) mothers who had a positive nasal/throat swab for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to pregnancy onset; (5) mothers who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody test documented by KPNC prior to the onset of pregnancy; (6) mothers who received one or more doses of COVID-19 vaccine prior to pregnancy onset.