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In accordance with Principle 2 of the Code of Practice for Official Statistics, the Ministry of Justice is required to publish transparent guidance on its policy for revisions. ONS data from 2012 shows that of the UK's 400,000 single parent families, only 13.5% of these (54,000) are single dads. To avoid inconsistency in the length of their offending histories, for those with an academic year of 2008/09 their offending data has been considered up to 31 August 2016 and for those with an academic year of 2009/10 it has been considered up to 31 August 2017. Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. In 2018/19, 671 individuals were victims of homicide in England and Wales; 64% of which were males and 36%, females (Figure 3.03). There was also a higher proportion of females with mental health needs, the majority of which were depressive illness which affected 25% of females compared to 20% of males. Refer to https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/930457/Guide-to-proven-reoffending_Oct20.pdf for further details on methodology. , Statistics used are from the CSEW 2019/20 unless stated otherwise; when differences are not referred to as statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. (Office of National Statistics) In 2007, 27.6% of children lived with their mother in the UK, while just 2.4% lived only with their father. The disparity in convictions for these offences may reflect the fact that females make up a slightly larger proportion of benefit claimants[footnote 118]. In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner[footnote 21], whereas when the victim was male, only 9% of cases suspected the partner/ex-partner. Youth custody report for May 2016 published. In the year ending March 2020 (referred to as 2019/20 throughout), the proportion of adults who were victim of a CSEW crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse) was 13.3%, down from 14.9% the year before, with no significant difference between men and women. Instances of self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3, compared to 4.4 for males. In 2019, 341,000 females (26%) and 968,000 (74%) males were formally dealt with by the CJS, either by an out of court disposal (OOCD) or court proceedings. At 53%, oral fast delivery PSRs[footnote 53] were more common, especially for females (females 60%, males 52%), while standard PSRs[footnote 54], which are given for more serious offences, were much less common and were given proportionally more often to male offenders (4%) compared with female offenders (1%). This difference is likely to be linked to the greater seriousness of offences typically dealt with at the Crown Court. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. The study relied solely on electronically available published opinions in child custody cases (n = 4,338). When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. Further information on the following topics related to offender management is available online: Substance Misuse Treatment Programmes, Offender Learning, Safety in Custody, Deaths in or following police contact, Discipline in Prison Establishments (Adjudications), Restricted Patients, Home Detention Curfew, Release on Temporary License, Licence Recalls. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. As at June 2019, the female prison population was 3,800 and has decreased 3% over the last 5 years, compared to 78,900 for the male prison population (decreasing 4% over the same time period). Supplementary Excel (in an Open .ods format) tables accompany the chapters, providing additional data where the figures have not previously been published (or not published in that form). Over the last 5 years at Crown Court, there was a steady increase in the proportion of both male and female defendants who were not remanded, with a gradual increase of the proportion remanded in custody, offset by a decrease in the proportion of those bailed. , Individuals with known sex. , Following the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation and creation and subsequent transfer of the National Probation Service (NPS) into NOMS on 1 June 2014, it is not possible to make a direct comparison to previous years for probation staff. , National liaison and diversion services offence groups are based on those used by the Home Office and are not directly comparable to those used in Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, which are used throughout the majority of this bulletin. Figure 5.09: The level of concordance between sentences proposed and outcomes for female and male offenders, by sentence type, 2019[footnote 56]. , Proven reoffending statistics are reported based on cohorts of offenders who are released from custody, received a non-custodial conviction at court, or received a caution within a three-month period. The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of what child custody evaluators and All official statistics should comply with all aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. , In this chapter, children refers to those aged 10 to 15 unless stated otherwise. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure children's homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs).. 18% of single mothers have a college degree or higher 27% of single fathers are between the ages of 15 & 29 29% of single fathers are African American 28% of single mothers are African American 36% of single fathers live at or below the poverty line 43% of single mothers live at or below the poverty line Crime lower covers work carried out by legal aid providers regarding police station advice, magistrates court work and prison law. Figure 7.11: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of persistent absence, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.4). Cautions issued[footnote 33][footnote 34] Over the last 5 years, these proportions have been gradually increasing. This proportion was 5 percentage points lower than the proportion of adult females that were prosecuted for indictable offences, at 15%. All organisations within the CJS have increased female representation among senior staff over the last 5 years. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS: Senior Legal Manager, Chief Crown Prosecutor and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ: Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS: Senior Civil Servant; Police: Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary: High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of females who come into contact with it. In fact, statistics are frequently cited that suggest around 90% of women are awarded custody, but they also fail to show that 60% of men get custody in a contested cases. Since 2015, the ACSL for indictable offences has risen for both male and female offenders from all ethnic groups[footnote 76]. Youth custody report for August 2013 published. Male homicide victims had higher prevalence in all age groups, except those over 65, and 5-15, where females were more often the victim. To allow for variable changes in headcount throughout the period considered, the sexes are best considered in terms of proportions of staff rather than absolute numbers. Custody Rate and Average Custodial Sentence Length (ACSL)[footnote 83]. In the most recent year, the CPS and MoJ had the highest proportions of senior staff who were female at 57% and 51%, respectively; these were the only organisations where the representation of females in senior positions was higher than that of males. Compared to males, a higher proportion of females reported: self-declared mental health problems, physical disability, having drug and alcohol problems, money worries and housing worries. Drunkenness in charge of a child females made up 67% of the 162 convictions, up 6 pp from 2015. Child Custody Statistics by Gender Who is most likely to be a custodial parent? In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. This is largely due to the introduction of the offence of assaulting an emergency worker in 2018, for which 3,300 females were prosecuted in 2019. Youth custody report for July 2016 published. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15 (62% for young females and 53% for young males). Contrastingly, the HMPPS HQ (and Area Services) has a majority female staff, increasing to 59% in 2020. The remains . The largest percentage difference is for drug offences which have a median offence to completion that is 47% higher (49 days) for females in comparison to males. Conviction ratios were higher for summary offences and as a higher proportion of female offences were summary, this in part explains the higher conviction ratio for female offenders. If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. Intimate violence refers to a range of physical and non-physical abuse including domestic abuse, sexual assault and stalking. A lower proportion of females paid their PNDs in full (47%) compared to males (51%) and had a slightly higher proportion of fines registered (36% compared to 35%). Following prosecution, defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. These figures are calculated differently from those used for the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin, which is used as the basis for the section on plea at the Crown Court and the remainder of the Crown Court committal section they are not directly comparable to these sections. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English & Maths. Include a detailed revisions policy within every release. Over a three-year timeseries, a larger proportion of males aged 16-59 had experienced only one form of abuse in the last year (84.6%) compared to females the same age (77.9%)[footnote 18]. The strategy sets out the Governments commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: The strategy aims to take an evidence-based approach to reducing crime and rehabilitating offenders. And while a bias against men in child custody cases has been around for decades, let's explain why this is happening from a legal perspective. Females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. Personal crime is defined by the CSEW as comprising of all violence and thefts. It should be noted that because children comprise less than 10% of all offenders prosecuted for an indictable offence (where sex and age of the defendant is known), trends should be interpreted with caution. Youth custody data for June 2016 published. The main source of referral was police custody, accounting for 72% of males and 73% of females referred to liaison and diversion services. Youth custody report for November 2014 published. In 2019, 74% of individuals dealt with by the Criminal Justice System were male, and 26% were female. , Out of court disposals available to the police and CPS in 2019 included: simple and conditional cautions; cannabis and khat warnings; penalty notices for disorder (PNDs); and community resolutions. Females reported better conditions and facilities than males regarding: having their own cell, clean clothes, clean sheets, relationships with staff and contacting family and friends. For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. The proportion of female children remanded in custody (17%) was lower than male children (48%). In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. Other defendants such as companies and public bodies are also excluded. The number of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen by 29% since 2015, compared to the 25% decrease seen in adult prosecutions. There are few comparisons to the population as a whole, but we have considered this to be 51% female, as based on Mid-year Population Estimates from the Office for National Statistics. The given number currently represents about . In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males. In 2019, 50% of female offenders who were sentenced to custody received sentences of up to and including 3 months, compared to 31% of males and these proportions have been decreasing for both female and male offenders over the last 5 years. Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise. , Where there are multiple suspects in a homicide case, they are categorised in the Homicide Index as either the principal or a secondary suspect. There were some differences between the gender groups at this attainment level across all disposals. The proportion of female legal aid recipients in the Crown Court was lower with 10% of the crime higher legal aid workload in 2019[footnote 42]. Tests for statistical significance are published in the Victims tables alongside this report. Similarly, in just over half of all . Court custody includes those remanded in custody at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who may also have been given bail or not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. More than 500 lay people (59 percent men, 41 percent women) also were recruited online to take part in the study. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. First time offenders accounted for 24% of offenders who were cautioned or convicted In England and Wales in 2019, of which 78% were male and 22% females[footnote 88]. Figure 5.05: Crime lower legal aid workload by sex and legal aid category, 2019. For both sexes, the child custody rate has remained broadly stable since 2015, at 8% for males and 2% for females. A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that leads to a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning within that year or within a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court. The number of TVLEO prosecutions has decreased for both female (down 30%) and male (down 37%) defendants since 2015, although the decrease between 2018 and 2019 was negligible compared to previous years. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions. Police station advice alone accounts for 71% of the workload for both sexes in 2019, increasing from around 60% since 2012. The majority (85%) of arrests continue to be accounted for by males in 2019/20. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. The publication also contains more detailed information on the make-up of the custody population by legal basis for detention, accommodation type, age group, gender, ethnicity and region of origin. most serious) remand status. 2019/20 saw a fall in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year for women aged 16 to 74 (3.7% in 2018/19 to 2.9% in 2019/20). Report and data for December 2017 published. Of all females sentenced in 2019, Black female offenders had the highest custody rate[footnote 75] at 23%. , Court outcomes figures split by sex and ethnicity is limited to indictable offences where is a robust proportion with known ethnicity. , Remands data in this section are based on the Crown Courts decision on whether a defendant prosecuted for a criminal offence, should during the court proceeding go on to be placed in custody or released on bail. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males[footnote 67]. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019 Victimisation Males maintain higher risk of personal crime than females. A higher proportion of females also reported having a child under 18. , Lancashire Constabulary and Greater Manchester Police were unable to supply complete data for 2018/19 and for 2019/20 respectively. The number of arrests has remained stable over the last 3 years following a previously downward trend. Between 2015 and 2019, female children saw the largest decline, a decrease of 35% in prosecutions, compared to a 29% decrease for male children that were prosecuted over the same period. The proportion of ineffective and cracked trials was higher for females (20% and 37%) than males (16% and 33%) in 2019. , Self-declared from HR records, as at 1 April 2019. Britain has the highest proportion of fatherless families (2 million) of any major European country. Three-year time series refers to 2016/17 to 2018/19. Annual figures are then produced by aggregating the four 3-monthly cohorts within each given year. The most common sentence for indictable benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 51% of females and 53% of males sentenced in 2019. Publication Child Support for Custodial Mothers and Fathers: 1997 October 2000 Publish a time-series of revisions due to errors in our statistical processes and procedures so we can monitor the quality of our outputs. In 2019, 15% of the total crime lower legal aid workload was for female clients and this proportion has remained stable over the last 5-year period[footnote 41]. Youth custody data - February 2014 published. Statistically, it appears that the family courts in the United States are biased against fathers. The majority (95%) of the prison population were male. This may result in a single offender being included in the annual cohort more than once. Truancy females made up 71% of the 19,600 convictions in 2019, down 2 pp from 2015. The proportions of female practitioners vary across the CJS organisations (Figure 9.01)[footnote 121]. Please refer to the accompanying technical guide for further details. As at 30 June 2019, 5% of the prison population were female, this proportion has remained stable for the last 5 years. In 2019, the same proportion (98%) of PNDs issued were for higher tier offences for both males and females. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). In 2019, 26% of the 1.25 million defendants of known sex that had a completed case were female. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year among men aged 16-74 for 2019/20 (0.7%) compared to 2018/19.