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The sub-camps of Stutthof included:[30][31][32], The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system began on 25 January 1945. Why Did Ancient Egyptian Men Wear Makeup? German Earth and Stone Works (DEST) was an SS-owned company founded on 29 April 1938 for the exploitation of prisoner labor in the concentration camps for the . Former Stutthof SS guard Bruno Dey, now 93, is standing trial in Germany, charged as an accessory to the murder of 5,230 Jews from 1944 to 1945. . Of the 55,000 guards who worked in the Third Reichs concentration camps, 3,700 were women, many of who were volunteers. The first prisoners arrived in the camp on September 2nd. Read about our approach to external linking. The womans face became swollen and blue.. The people who did this and all adults who watched it (I notice there are even very young children watching, says a lot about the sort of people perpetrating these disgusting CRIMES) should be tried and punished. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. At her 1945 trial, survivor Dora Silverberg testified that Juana knocked her teeth out when she reported that her friend was very sick and couldnt walk to the working site because she was so weak. He remembers searching for his mother, who had been in the women's camp at Stutthof, when he came across his friend Zigi. Other witnesses said she beat women to death with wooden sticks and shot at women who were too slow when carrying heavy containers of food. "I was first in Stutthof in August '43 for close to a month and then two other [camps] before I returned at the end of 1944 for a second time," he told the BBC. Some 65,000 of them died as victims of the Nazis, by starvation, typhoid, lethal injection or gas. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. [38], In July 2021, a 96-year-old German secretary, Irmgard Furchner, who had been part of KZ Stutthof was arrested to be tried for war crimes. One prominent inmate and survivor of the Stutthof concentration camp was member of parliament for the Communist Party of Denmark Martin Nielsen, who detailed his deportation to, experience in and ensuing death march from the camp in his book Rapport fra Stutthof ('Report from Stutthof'). The selection process for these guards was lax. German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation Irmgard Furchner, who was in her late teens when she worked in the Stutthof camp, was convicted as the authorities make a. It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. When the Allies tried the perpetrators of the Holocaust after the end of the war, the public was surprised by the beastly behavior of female guards like Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, who often committed worse acts than their male counterparts. She showed no hesitation in beating her victims to death and displayed no remorse when selecting women and children for the gas chambers. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. German abortion clinics targeted by US-style protests, Belgian court paves way for Iran prisoner swap treaty, Palestinians in occupied West Bank live with uncertainty, Thousands of migrants have died in South Texas, Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps', Germany's Nazi past still haunts the country today. a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of complicity in the murder of more than 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp located in occupied Poland. [13] Other sources say that the camp staff shot most remaining inmates in a mass murder. The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. When the guilty verdict came in, she declared, Life is indeed a pleasure, and pleasures are usually short.. SS-Aufseherin Jenny Wanda Barkmann - death by hanging 3. A 99-year-old who was being investigated on suspicion of complicity in murder as a former Nazi camp guard has died, ending the case against him, German prosecutors said Tuesday. A 95-year-old woman who worked for the commandant of a Nazi concentration camp has been charged in north Germany with aiding . Women were needed, especially to oversee womens camps like at Ravensbruck. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. S tutthof is 34 km from Danzig and was the first concentration camp created by the Nazis outside of the country of Germany (September 2nd. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born on May 30, 1922, in Hamburg. Some 28,000 of those who died were Jews. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. [22] Spanner was unlikely to have "really occupied himself with the production of usable soap from human fat", and that any soap production in his laboratory was likely marginal. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. [1][2] The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. View the list of all donors. "Worst of all were the whips.". Rajiv Kapoor family: Who is Rajiv Kapoor's ex-wife Aarti Sabharwal and did they have any children? While I was standing, she kicked me in my back, causing me to fall. [9] The Wuppertal accused denied the allegations and declared that he was not present during the killings, and did not notice anything about it. 1939: 250 Polish citizens and P.O.W. [17] Many died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944; those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on July 4th 1946. He was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. Stutthof had a large number of sub camps, and prisoners were forced to work incredibly hard some even made aircraft parts for German planes. Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. BERLIN (AP) A 92-year-old former SS private will go on trial this fall in Germany on 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder, accused of helping the Nazis' Stutthof concentration camp Many were former waitresses, cooks, and hairdressers who job postings in the newspaper. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 How healthy are India's 1.4 billion people? When is Eurovision and how do you get tickets? She committed suicide in 1967. [1] Another method of execution practiced in Stutthof was lethal injection of phenol. [7][18], There was a controversy regarding whether corpses from Stutthof were used in the production of soap made from human corpses at the lab of Professor Rudolf Spanner. She kicked me so hard that I fell. At the age of 24, she accompanied a death march of women from central Poland to Bergen-Belsen. HAMBURG, Germany A German court on Thursday found a former Nazi SS camp guard guilty of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder and one case of accessory to attempted murder equal to the number. Berlin CNN A former secretary from the Stutthof Nazi concentration camp has been charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people, German prosecutors said Friday, in what is a rare. had worked as a secretary at the Stutthof concentration camp was charged with . Among 110,000 prisoners were Jews from all of Europe, members of the Polish underground, Polish civilians deported from Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising, Lithuanian and Latvian intelligentsia, Latvian resistance fighters, psychiatric patients, Soviet prisoners of war,[3] and communists (as an example of communist deportations to Stutthof, see the Danish Horserd camp). It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was constructed at Stutthof. [13], In October 2019, Bruno Dey from Hamburg was accused of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. But as the war turned against the Germans, the camp was evacuated and thousands of prisoners were sent on a death march. Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. One camp which was established in Poland was Stutthof Concentration Camp, and throughout its time in operation around 65,000 people died at the camp. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. [citation needed] Until 1942, nearly all of the prisoners were Polish. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. Its unknown why she would voluntarily seek work at a concentration camp so late in the war, but it was likely due to some misplaced sense of nationalism. Stutthof Concentration Camp. It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. The 93-year-old faces 5,230 counts of accessory to murder. Stutthof was a concentration camp in an isolated, marshy, and forested region near the village of Stutthof east of Danzig. Here we look at the horrendous role these guards - known as Aufseherins, or female overseers - played during the War. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW There she became known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her brutal beatings of prisoners. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. Prisoners sent straight to gas chambers didn't receive anything. In mid-1950s, a number of Nazi concentration camp commandants were sentenced to jail for supervising the murder of Jewish prisoners in gas chambers between 19421944, including Otto Knott[pl], Otto Haupt[pl] and Bernard Ldtke[pl]. $156.33. Found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a vast network of forced-labor camps; 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central German-occupied Poland. . [11] In December 2018, the trial was suspended, since the convict had to be hospitalized for serious heart and kidney problems. Dey was sentenced to two years in prison. She died in 1989. When she was 22, Barkmann began actively seeking work in the concentration camps. A crematorium and gas chamber[9] were added in 1943, just in time to start mass executions when Stutthof was included in the "Final Solution" in June 1944. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." In September 1942, Bothe became the SS Aufseherin camp guard at the Nazi German Ravensbrck concentration camp for women. Overseeing working parties that left the camp ln slave labour, she would attack women who became too sick or weak. In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. (08.08.2019), One of the last trials against an ex-concentration camp guard began Thursday in Hamburg. In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp (like Dachau), administered by the German Security Police. "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. Little is known about her life, but it is a known fact that in 1944 she became- Aufseherin, a female-guard, in the women's section of Stutthof concentration camp. The fourth and final trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from 19 November to 29 November 1947. Grese, who was passing on a bicycle, immediately got off, took off her leather belt and beat the woman with it. [15], In 2021, Irmgard Furchner a German former concentration camp secretary and stenographer at Stutthof, where she worked for camp commandant Paul-Werner Hoppe,[16] was charged with 11,412 counts of accessory to murder and 18 additional counts of accessory to attempted murder,[17][18][19] On December 20, 2022 she was found guilty and sentenced to a suspended jail term of two years. Washington, DC 20024-2126 Numbers []. An Israeli witness who survived the Nazi death camp at Stutthof has described how SS guards staged sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. Required fields are marked *. It comprised eight barracks for the inmates and a "Kommandantur" for the SS guards, totaling 120,000 square metres (1,300,000sqft). As a Jewish boy from Germany, the young Goldberg had already been deported to Latvia before being sent to Stutthof for slave labour. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. per group (up to 3) Private Shore Excursion: Tour of Gdansk and visit Stutthof Concentration Camp. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. Now 97, she has been found guilty of aiding and abetting the murders of more than 10,500 detainees. DW sends out a daily selection of hard news and quality feature journalism. Many drowned along the way. Even before the war began, the German Selbstschutz in Pomerania created lists of people to be arrested,[3] and the Nazi authorities were secretly reviewing suitable places to set up concentration camps in their area. More than 60,000 people died in the camp. You excuses for human beings are no better than you accuse the National Socialists of being. [23] The corpses used for this were not made from "harvested" bodies, and the byproduct of Spanner's work at the Danzig institute was collected. PoznaGniezno 2011, page 131 . Bus Tours. Braunstein was sentenced to three years in jail by a British court in 1958 and emigrated to the US, where she married a construction worker. The event drew an immense crowd of approximately 200,000 people, and due to humanitarian concerns, authorities refrained from organizing further public executions. Read about our approach to external linking. He was executed November 8 in Wloclawek[7][8]. [citation needed], Conditions in the camp were extremely harsh;[16] tens of thousands of prisoners succumbed to starvation and disease. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. Found guilty by a British Military Tribunal, she was sentenced to death and hanged on December 13 1945, aged 52. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. Thousands were taken to the Baltic Sea where they were executed, and many more were killed by the brutal SS guards and officers. Frankly, a nice sight. Though there is no evidence linking him to a specific killing, prosecutors argue that as a guard he helped the camp function and "supported the insidious and cruel killing of mainly Jewish prisoners.". [20][21], Lista osob Straconych w wiezieniach Polskich w latach 1944 1956 , IPN, 1990, Zaoga obozu Stutthof (Staff of Stutthof concentration camp), "Odpowiedzialno za zbrodnie popenione w Stutthofie. The Stutthof concentration camp was the first to be established by the Nazi regime outside Germany's borders, and one of the last to be liberated. Any woman, even without work experience, could become a concentration camp guard. 2023 BBC. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. Countless prisoners who were left too weak to work were simply murdered. The lamp disappeared after the SS leadership found out. Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp under the Danzig police chief. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Your email address will not be published. Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. Millions of people suffered and died or were killed. Ackermann, who delivered the lamp, said that its base was made from a human foot and shinbone and the shade had tattoos and even nipples. Soviet forces liberated Stutthof on May 9, 1945, and liberated about 100 prisoners who had managed to hide during the final evacuation of the camp. Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. After beginning her career at the all-female camp, Lichtenberg, the dedicated Nazi used brutality and cruelty to work to her way up to the highest female rank possible, Oberaufseherin, or chief guard. The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof.