)._Washington,_DC:_National_Geographic2008 (. For the first time, the Shia could openly convert other Muslims to their movement. The change in. European Pressphoto Agency After Ali also was assassinated, with a poison-laced sword at the mosque in Kufa, in what is now Iraq, his sons Hasan and then Hussein claimed the title. Twelvers believe that Mutah was permitted until Umar forbade it during his rule. Both Sunni and Shia Muslims live throughout the world. In time, these immigrants adopted the Arabic language and Arab identity, but their origin has been used to "unfairly cast them as lackeys of Iran". The Shia constitute around 20% of Kuwait,[26][27] 45% of the Muslim population in Lebanon, 10% of Saudi Arabia,[27][28] 12% of Syria, and 10% of Pakistan. "[216] Lashkar-e-Jhangvi has declared Shia to be "American agents" and the "near enemy" in global jihad. -- Imam Reza (A.S.) Network", "Shias of Kashmir Socio Political Dilemmas", An introduction to Shi'i Islam: the history and doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism, Information on sectarian violence against Sunni Muslims, Syrian fight now 'overtly sectarian,' U.N. says, As Syria fights, sectarian wave rises in region, "Saudi king meets with Iranian president", "The Pentagon plan to 'divide and rule' the Muslim world", March 14, 2008 The Independent/UK "The Cult of the Suicide Bomber" by Robert Fisk, "Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera", "Iraqi funeral procession bombed; at least 26 killed", "Ansar al-Islam is listed as a terrorist group by the US State Dept", Sectarian violence kills 36 during climax of Shia holy festival, "Iraq 101: Aftermath Long-Term Thinking", "Iraq's death squads: On the brink of civil war", "US: Iraq failing to tackle death squads", Iraq militias' wave of death, Sectarian killings now surpass terrorist bombings, Interview with Molavi Ali Akbar Mollahzadeh, Rafsanjani & Al-Qaradawi call upon nation to unite & reject fighting, 2007-02-15, "UN Commission on Human Rights - Visit by the Special Rapporteur to Iran (Feb 96)", Shia equality or Shia supremacy? is the fiec part of the evangelical alliance; townhomes in avalon park; 8 ft windmill parts; why is my cash and sweep vehicle negative; nordstrom rack return policy worn shoes Shia jurisprudence books were banned, the traditional annual Shia mourning procession of Ashura was discouraged, and operating independent Islamic religious establishments remained illegal. She did her honours bachelor in science and later realised that this career path was not for her. Part of 18 things about ISIS you need to know One of the single most important factors in ISIS's resurgence is the conflict between Iraq's largest two Arab religious groups: Shias and Sunnis. Fundamentalist Sunni clerics have popularized slurs against Shia such as "Safawis" (from the Safavid empire, thus implying their being an Iranian agents), or even worse rafidha (rejecters of the faith), and majus (Zoroastrian or crypto Persian). [75], Sunni razzias which came to be known as Taarajs virtually devastated the community. [82], Some tension developed between Sunnis and Shia as a result of clashes over Iranian pilgrims and Saudi police at the hajj. The concept of Shi'ism further crystallized around events at the Battle of Karbala, where Husayn ibn Ali, the son of Ali and grandson of the prophet, was killed alongside many of his supporters. [212], Shia formed student associations and a Shia party, Sunni began to form sectarian militias recruited from Deobandi and Ahl al-Hadith madrasahs. [92], Following this period, SunniShia strife has seen a major upturn, particularly in Iraq and Pakistan, leading to thousands of deaths. Sectarian violence persists to this day from Pakistan to Yemen and is a major element of friction throughout the Middle East and South Asia. Christians were pitted "against Muslims in Egypt, Jordanians against Palestinians in Jordan, and, above all, Sunnis against Shiites wherever possible.[97], ShiaSunni discord in Iraq starts with disagreement over the relative population of the two groups. As of March 2015, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (or ISIS/ISIL, Daesh), a Salafi jihadi extremist militant group and self-proclaimed caliphate and Islamic state led by Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria,[248] had control over territory occupied by ten million people[249] in Iraq and Syria, as well as limited territorial control in some other countries. Many Sunnis hotly dispute their minority status, including ex-Iraqi Ambassador Faruq Ziada,[citation needed] and many believe Shia majority is "a myth spread by America". [190][191] The Syrian Civil War has brought on an increase in anti-Shia rhetoric,[192] and what Human Rights Watch states is "anti-Shia hate speech by Salafis". BBC Teach > Secondary Resources > KS3 Religious Studies / GCSE Religious Studies. [252] In June 2014, the New York Times wrote that as ISIS has "seized vast territories" in western and northern Iraq, there have been "frequent accounts of fighters capturing groups of people and releasing the Sunnis while the Shiites are singled out for execution". In addition to the account of Nasir Khusraw who visited Jerusalem in the year 1045 AD and reported: "The population of Jerusalem is about 20,000, the populace being mostly Shi'a Muslims". The movement has established "more than 300 schools, Islamic centers, a newspaper, guards and a `martyrs foundation`". Finally, his efforts and contacting with scholars such as Mahmud Shaltut and Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi led to the founding of Dar-al-Taghrib (community for reforming unity between Sunni and Shia Muslims). An episode of a satirical Saudi TV series highlighting mixed Sunni-Shia families has sparked wide debate about the issue on social media, writes the BBC's Nesrine Kamal. Shi'ism did not penetrate any land to the extent that it gradually could in Iran. This central position was transferred to Iran during the Safavid era for two-and-a-half centuries, after which it partly returned to Najaf. *SHE FREAKED OUT* 258,911 views 1 year ago Popular. "[35] Twelvers believe the Mahdi will be Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth Imam returned from the Occultation, where he has been hidden by Allah since 874. Another effect noted by political scientist Gilles Kepel, is that the initial attraction of the Islamic Revolution to Sunnis as well as Shia, and Khomeini's desire to export his revolution, motivated the Saudi establishment to shore up its "religious legitimacy" with more strictness in religion (and with jihad in Afghanistan) to compete with Iran's revolutionary ideology. [255], Shia militias fighting ISIS have also been accused of atrocities. The general observations recorded by Muslim travellers passing through the Levant during the tenth and eleventh centuries, notably al-Maqdisi in his geographical works, The best divisions in the knowledge of the regions, as well as Ibn Jubayr, indicate that Shia Muslims made up the majority of the populations of the regions of the Levant during this era, notably in the cities of Damascus, Tiberias, Nablus, Tyre, Homs and Jabal Amel. From the rules of both Sunni and Shia Islam, marriage between Sunni and Shia Muslim is allowed, and Sunni nikah is also recognized valid in Shia Islam; so it is not compulsory to change from this point. The historical split occurred 1400 years ago, following the death of Muhammad in Medina, in modern day Saudi Arabia. Its the place where Muslims gather for Friday prayers and other special occasions. Could this have been the main cause of their choice? [38] Umar, Uthman, Abu Bakr, Aisha, Muawiya, being the names of figures recognized by Sunnis but not Shias, are commonly used as names for Sunnis but are very rare, if not virtually absent, for Shias.[50]. [94], In a milestone for the two countries' relations, on 3 March 2007 King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad held an extraordinary summit meeting. [164], Relations between the Shia and the Wahhabis are inherently strained because the Wahhabis consider the rituals of the Shia to be the epitome of shirk, or polytheism. The domination of the Sunni creed during the first nine Islamic centuries characterizes the religious history of Iran during this period. In December 2015 the Nigerian government alleged that the Islamic Movement attempted to kill Nigeria's army chief-of-staff. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni. [237], In late 2006 or early 2007, in what journalist Seymour Hersh called The Redirection, the United States changed its policy in the Muslim world, shifting its support from the Shia to the Sunni, with the goal of "containing" Iran and as a by-product bolstering Sunni extremist groups. The declaration of Shi'ism as the state religion of the realm by Shah Ismail 1501 Tabriz central mosque. Though the two main sects within Islam, Sunni and Shia, agree on most of the fundamental beliefs and practices of Islam, a bitter split between the two goes back some 14 centuries. She now makes regular videos on YouTube with her husband 'Dawoud Harb'. Jasmine Fares is a Lebanese 25 year old, who currently lives in Toronto. Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Shia Imam, died during al-Mansur's reign, and there were claims that he was murdered on the orders of the caliph. August 12, 2016. [232] Around one million are Shias, who are concentrated around Jakarta. [55], The Shia believe that their community continued to live for the most part in hiding and followed their religious life secretly without external manifestations. Also, some Sunni-accepted hadiths are less favored by Shias; one example is that because of Aisha's opposition to Ali, hadiths narrated by Aisha are not given the same authority as those by other companions. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni. The beautiful couple planned a lush honeymoon and they also bought a house! She did her honours bachelor in science and later realised that this career path was not for her. [108] In Yemen, Houthi rebels have expanded their territory south of Saudi Arabia, and become the country's "dominant power". How do you pray? From the Iranian Revolution to 2015, Shia groups in Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, supported by Iran have recently won "important political victories" which have boosted Iran's regional influence. Members of the two sects have co-existed for centuries and share many fundamental beliefs and practices. Shia Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi is reported to have responded: The Wahhabis ignore the occupation of Islam's first Qiblah by Israel, and instead focus on declaring Takfiring fatwas against Shias. On the other side Shia from Hezbollah in Lebanon and from Asaib Ahl al-Haq and Kata'ib Hezbollah militias from Iraq have backed the Syrian government. [85] With the involvement of Lebanese Shia paramilitary group Hezbollah, the fighting in Syria has reignited "long-simmering tensions between Sunnis and Shiites" spilling over into Lebanon and Iraq. Martin, Richard C., ed. "[129] Suicide bombers continue to attack Iraqi Shia civilians,[130] and the Shia ulama have in response declared suicide bombing as haraam (against God, or "forbidden"): Even those who kill people with suicide bombing, these shall meet the flames of hell. The Shia campaign has clashed with Saudi Arabian, which also funds religious centers, school, and trains students and clerics, but as part of an effort to spread its competing Wahabbi interpretation of Islam. ", "Islam and Iran: A Historical Study of Mutual Services Part 2", "Four Centuries of Influence of Iraqi Shiism on Pre-Safavid Iran", "A Study of the Migration of Shi'i Works from Arab Regions to Iran at the Early Safavid Era. For every tear shed, it is said that a hundred sins are forgiven. Of course, it cannot be denied that Iran's environment was more favourable to the flourishing of the Shi'ism as compared to all other parts of the Muslim world. Now we are here to deal with you. The majority of Iranians turned to Shi'ism from the Safawid period onwards. More important in the long run than these sects were the Sufi orders which spread in Persia at this time and aided in the preparing the ground for the Shiite movement of Safavids. A series of short films in which Kaisan and Naeem (both 12 year's old) and 11-year-old Sara explain the traditions and beliefs of their Muslim faith. Muslims who wanted to select his successor, or Caliph, by following the traditional Arab custom (Sunna) formed into a group known as Sunnis. Between 10% and 13% are Shia Muslims, and 87% to 90% are Sunni Muslims. Other Iraqi Shias are ethnic Arabs with roots in Iraq as deep as those of their Sunni counterparts.[58]. Manzoor Nomani, a senior Indian cleric with close ties to Saudi Arabia published a book entitled Iranian Revolution: Imam Khomeini and Shiism. Before his death Zarqawi was one to quote Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, especially his infamous statement urging followers to kill the Shia of Iraq,[127] and calling the Shias "snakes". In addition, they consider the sayings of Ahl al-Bayt that are not attributed directly to Muhammad as hadiths. [169], Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Shia in Hasa ignored the ban on mourning ceremonies commemorating Ashura. [203] According to the CIA World Factbook, Al Wefaq the largest Shia political society, won the largest number of seats in the elected chamber of the legislature. They displayed mutual warmth with hugs and smiles for cameras and Some Wahabi groups, often labeled as takfiri and sometimes linked to Al-Qaeda, have even advocated the persecution of the Shia as heretics. Ab anfa, for example, was imprisoned by al-Mansur and tortured. On her account, she can be seen sporting clothing, makeup and accessories from companies like Hijabi Mama, The Date Palm and Culture. Read about our approach to external linking. . Jasmine Fares is a Lebanese 25 year old, who currently lives in Toronto. In recent years, claims that multiculturalism has created segregated communities, encouraged terrorism, and failed to foster shared national identities in western nations have gained popularity. [137] One Shia Grand Ayatollah, Yousef Saanei, who has been described as a moderate, reacted to the 2005 suicide bombings of Shia targets in Iraq by saying the bombers were "wolves without pity" and that "sooner rather than later, Iran will have to put them down".[138]. [24][25] About 10% of Turkey's population belong to the Alevi sect. [16][17] Tensions between communities have intensified during power struggles, such as the Bahraini uprising, the Iraqi Civil War, the Syrian Civil War, the War in Iraq (20132017),[18][19][20] and the formation of the self-styled Islamic State of Iraq and Syria that has launched a genocide against Shias. The Buyids, who were Zaidi and had a significant influence not only in the provinces of Persia but also in the capital of the caliphate in Baghdad, and even upon the caliph himself, provided a unique opportunity for the spread and diffusion of Shia thought. Of these some 5% are Shia, the rest are Sunni. The origin of Shia Islam initially arose in response to the succession to Muhammad, and whether Ali ibn Abi Talib or a more experienced member of the Quraysh tribe should succeed. The Syrian war has affected Hezbollah, which was once lauded by both Sunnis and Shi'ites for its battles against Israel, but now has lost support from many Sunnis for its military assistance to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. They are literate. In contrast, most Shia were largely unaffected as their center was not in Iran at this time. [139] In a joint appearance with former Iranian president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani calling for Shia-Sunni unity, Sunni Shiekh Yusuf al-Qaradawi complained that no ministers in Iran have been Sunni for a long time, that Sunni officials are scarce even in the regions with majority of Sunni population (such as Kurdistan, or Balochistan)[140] and despite the presence of Christian churches, as a prominent example of this discrimination. [193] Eight other Shia were injured. After the prophet Muhammad's death in 632 AD, the Sunni and Shiite split occurred. Under Hafez al-Assad, Alawites dominated the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, a secular Arab nationalist party which had ruled Syria under a state of emergency from 1963 to 2011. [113], The British, having put down a Shia rebellion against their rule in the 1920s, "confirmed their reliance on a corps of Sunni ex-officers of the collapsed Ottoman empire". Another example is hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah, who is considered by Shias as an enemy of Ali. You must either accept to be Muslims or leave Afghanistan. Sunnis focus on following the Prophet's example whereas Shi'a focus on the lineage of Muhammad's family through a series of Imams. Historically, the inner rifts within Islamic ideology were to be hidden from the public sphere, while the new violent outbreaks highlight said rift in an obvious manner and is nourished by the two extremes of their mutual rivalry which will strongly affect both globally and regionally. [142], Soon after the 1979 revolution, Sunni leaders from Kurdistan, Balouchistan, and Khorassan, set up a new party known as Shams, which is short for Shora-ye Markaz-e al Sunaat, to unite Sunnis and lobby for their rights. In particular, the names Fatima, Zaynab, Ali, Abbas, Hussein, and Hassan are disproportionately common among Shias, though they may also be used by Sunnis. Mutah is not the same as Misyar marriage or 'Arfi marriage, which has no date of expiration and is permitted by some Sunnis. Hassan-i Sabbah conquered fortresses and captured Alamut in 1090. Second through the pupils of Sabzevar, and especially those of Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, who were from Rey and Sabzawar and resided in those cities. They ended their vlog explaining how they wouldnt just not have a wedding and do nothing after that. In Indonesia, in 2015, Sunni clerics denounced the Shia as "heretics", and the mayor of Bogor proposed banning the Shia Ashura holy day. [110] However, Sunni are split ethnically among Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen. On his return to Tehran, Ahmadinejad declared that: Both Iran and Saudi Arabia are aware of the enemies' conspiracies. Both sides of the couples family were very supportive of their decision. However, Shia discontent has resurfaced in recent years with street demonstrations and occasional low-level violence. According to scholar Vali Nasr, as the Muslim world was decolonialised and Arab nationalism lost its appeal, fundamentalism blossomed and reasserted the differences and conflicts between the two movements, particularly in the strict teachings of Sunni scholar Ibn Taymiyyah. [236], Conflict between religious groups in the Middle East have spread to the Australian Muslim community[242][243][244][245][246] and within Australian schools.[247]. Working together for an inclusive Europe. There are many intermarriages between Shia and Sunnis in Pakistan. ", according to Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid. Privacy Policy Agreement * I agree to the Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy. [115] In 1969 the son of Iraq's highest Shia Ayatollah Muhsin al-Hakim was arrested and allegedly tortured. As well as this they found that it was not worth spending on other people. In many parts of the world, Sunni and Shia Muslims are locked in bloody conflicts. [14][231], The majority adheres to the Sunni Muslim tradition mainly of the Shafi'i madhhab. Intercommunal violence resurfaced in 193536 and again in 1939 when many thousands of Sunni and Shias defied the ban on public demonstrations and took to the streets. "Today, Azerbaijan is probably the only country where there are still mixed mosques and Shia and Sunnis pray together. Sunni Muslims are the vast majority of Muslims in most Muslim communities in Central Asia (including China), Europe (including Russia and the Balkans), South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Arab World, Turkey and among Muslims in the United States where in Shias are approximately 10%. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunnititelseite zeitung erstellen. kriegshetzer mal'korak respawn; jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni [185][186] All this resulted despite the strong filial bonds, ties of commerce, and traditional friendship between the two neighboring countries. During the 20th century, an Islamic uprising in Syria occurred with sectarian religious overtones between the Alawite-dominated Assad government and the Islamist Sunni Muslim Brotherhood, culminating with the 1982 Hama massacre. "[171], By 1993, Saudi Shia had abandoned uncompromising demands and some of al-Saffar's followers met with King Fahd with promises made for reform. [21], Shias make up the majority of the Muslim population in Iran (around 90%), Azerbaijan (around 65%),[22] Iraq (around 55%) and Bahrain (around 60% of the citizens, excluding expatriates). [87], At least one scholar sees the period from the collapse of the Ottoman Empire through the decline of Arab nationalism as a time of relative unity and harmony between traditionalist Sunni and Shia Muslimsunity brought on by a feeling of being under siege from a common threat, secularism, first of the European colonial variety and then Arab nationalist. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims are mainly expressed through different religious practices. 3. Robin Wright and Peter Baker, "Iraq: Jordan Sees Threat to the Election from Iran", according to pro-Khomeini author Abdel-Majid Trab Zemzem, in his book, over half of the 20,000 fatalities worldwide from terrorism in 2006 occurred in Iraq according to the American National Counter-terrorism Center, Robert Baer, "The Devil You Think You Know,", Al-Jazeera discussion between Qardawi and Rafsanjani, "The country's minority Shia populations form a majority in the country's oil rich eastern province of Hasa", Toby Jones, `The Iraq Effect in Saudi Arabia,`, BBC monitoring service from March 1980 quoted in. Nizaris used this fortress until the Mongols finally seized and destroyed it in 1256. [141] As in other parts of the Muslim world, other issues may play a part in the conflict, since most Sunnis in Iran are also ethnic minorities. Following the wake Shia mobs in Iraq attacked the Jordanian embassy on 20 March 2005. [86] Bulgaria's ex-Ambassador Dimitar Mihaylov further claims that the current post-Arab Spring situation (encompassing ISIS, the Syrian civil war, Yemen, Iraq and others) represents a "qualitatively new" development in the history of Shi'a-Sunni dynamics. He thus had to enforce official Shiism violently, putting to death those who opposed him. jasminefares Hamilton, Ontario [91] In addition, he designated the period of Prophet's Birthday celebrations from 12th to the 17th of Rabi Al-Awwal as the Islamic Unity Week, there being a gap in the dates of when Shiites and Sunnis celebrate Muhammad's birthday. The Shia argument is that Abu Hurairah was only a Muslim for four years of his life before Muhammad's death. diensthost wpnuserservice. Forever grateful for all of Allahs blessings. The man can divorce the woman whenever he wants to in a Misyar marriage.[48]. However, Sunnis are heavily populated in countries like Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt, Indonesia. Third, through the school of Hillah under the leadership of Al-Hilli and his son Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin. The war between Iran and Iraq was one of the bloodiest of the century, with an estimated one million Iranians and up to half-a-million Iraqis dying in the conflict. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni However, with the advent of the Zengids and Ayyubids, the population of Shias dwindled greatly due to conversion and migrations. Shias were also persecuted during the Ba'ath Party rule, especially under Saddam Hussein. "[204] Bahrain has many disaffected unemployed youths and many have protested Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa's efforts to create a parliament as merely a "cooptation of the effendis", i.e. They had a photoshoot with close family and hosted a lunch to celebrate. Malise Ruthven writes that the post invasion de-Ba'athification by the US occupiers deprived Iraq of "the officer class and administrative cadres that had ruled under Saddam Hussein, leaving the field to sectarian-based militias".